MALARIA

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors.” There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P. vivax – pose the greatest threat.
Malaria is an acute febrile illness. In a non-immune individual, symptoms appear 7 days or more after the infective mosquito bite. The first symptoms – fever, headache, chills and vomiting – may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria. If not treated within 24 hours, specially for falciparum malaria can progress to severe illness, often leading to death.
In most cases, malaria is transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. There are more than 400 different species of Anopheles mosquito; around 30 are malaria vectors of major importance. All of the important vector species bite between dusk and dawn

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DENGUE

• Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Symptoms include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. The presence of fever, rash, and headache (the "dengue triad") is characteristic of dengue fever.
• Dengue is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics.
• Because dengue fever is caused by a virus, there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it. For typical dengue fever, the treatment is directed toward relief of the symptoms (symptomatic treatment).
• The acute phase of the illness with fever and muscle pain lasts about one to two weeks.
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a specific syndrome that tends to affect children under 10 years of age. It causes abdominal pain, haemorrhage (bleeding), and circulatory collapse.
• The prevention of dengue fever requires control or eradication of the mosquitoes carrying the virus that causes dengue. 
• There is currently no vaccine to prevent dengue fever.

 

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Depression

Depression is feeling sad for weeks or months on end, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of worthlessness and emptiness a lack of energy do anything, and taking little or no pleasure in things that gave you joy in the past. A person who experiences depression cannot often see a future for themselves, and feel like the world is closing in around them. The warning signs and symptoms of depression are usually pretty clear to those around the person suffering — the person doesn’t seem at all like their normal self. The changes in the person’s mood are evident to friends and family.

Symptoms of Depression:

• Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood
• Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness
• Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex
• Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed”
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
• Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping
• Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain
• Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts
• Restlessness, irritability
• Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain

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Stress

Stress can be mainly of two types – physical and psychological. Psychological symptoms include anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, restlessness, panic attack, mood swings, etc. Sometimes due to extreme stress people tend to become increasingly silent, or can react in a manner opposite to their normal behavior.
Physically the symptoms seen affect various parts of our body. For instance when stress affects the nervous system, a person would experience constant headaches or would experience reduced appetite, stomach upset or pain, and in case of the respiratory system one may experience difficulty breathing.
Stress also affects the heart and can lead to a rise or a sudden fall in BP and possibly a heart attacks. It can affects one’s sexual life as wel.

Ignoring stress and living without dealing with it, can leave you with many physical and psychological conditions such as asthma, diabetes, obesity, menstrual disturbance, headache, eating disorder, weight loss and others. It can also lead to the development of heart disease and hypertension.

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Hodgkin disease

Hodgkin disease also known as Hodgkin lymphoma. It is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The first sign of Hodgkin disease is often an enlarged lymph node. The disease can spread to nearby lymph nodes. Later it may spread to the lungs, liver or bone marrow. The cause is unknown.

Hodgkin disease is rare. Symptoms include:

• Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
• Fever and chills
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Itchy skin

Doctors can diagnose Hodgkin disease with a biopsy. This involves removing and examining a piece of tissue under a microscope. Treatment varies depending on how far the disease has spread and often includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment. In most cases, Hodgkin disease can be cured.

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Leukemia

Leukemia is cancer of the blood or bone marrow (which produces blood cells). A person who has leukemia suffers from an abnormal production of blood cells, generally leukocytes (white blood cells). The DNA of immature blood cells, mainly white cells, becomes damaged in some way. This abnormality causes the blood cells to grow and divide chaotically. Normal blood cells die after a while and are replaced by new cells which are produced in the bone marrow. The abnormal blood cells do not die so easily, and accumulate, occupying more and more space. As more and more space is occupied by these faulty blood cells there is less and less space for the normal cells - and the sufferer becomes ill. Quite simply, the bad cells crowd out the good cells in the blood.

Symptoms: Blood clotting is poor, Affected immune system, Anemia, Patients may also experience nausea, fever, chills, night sweats, flu-like symptoms, and tiredness.

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Pancreatic carcinoma

Pancreatic carcinoma is cancer of the pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ located behind the stomach. It makes and releases enzymes into the intestines that help the body absorb foods, especially fats. Hormones called insulin and glucagon, which help your body control blood sugar levels, are made in special cells in the pancreas called islet cells. Tumors can also occur in these cells, but they are called islet cell tumors.

The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown. It is more common in: People with diabetes, People with long-term inflammation of the pancreas, Smokers. Pancreatic cancer is slightly more common in women than in men. The risk increases with age.

A tumor or cancer in the pancreas may grow without any symptoms at first. This means pancreatic cancer is often advanced when it is first found. Early symptoms of pancreatic cancer include: Dark urine and clay-colored stools, Fatigue and weakness, Jaundice, Loss of appetite and weight loss, Nausea and vomiting, Pain or discomfort in the upper part of the belly or abdomen.

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Symptons of Acidity

·         Burning sensation or pain in the stomach, 1-4 hours after a meal

·         Chest pain

·         Prolonged heartburn

·         Inflammation in chest

·         Feeling hungry frequently

·         Constant pain in the upper abdomen

·         Belching

·         Nausea

·         Bitter taste in mouth

·         Loss of appetite

·         Respiratory problems

·         Vomiting

·         Coughing

·         Gastro-esophageal reflux

·         Voice change and formation of ulcer in esophagus (tube connecting mouth and stomach)

·         Pain during muscular contractions

·         Pain in ears

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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