Gynecologic Cancer

Gynecologic cancer is an uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that originate from the reproductive organs. There are several types of gynecologic cancers which include cervical, gestational trophoblastic disease, primary peritoneal, ovarian, uterine/endometrial, vaginal and vulvar cancers. 
Regular screenings and self-examinations can result in the detection of certain types of gynecologic cancers in their earlier stages, increasing the likelihood of successful treatment and the possibility for a complete cure. It is important to be aware of your family’s history to help determine if you may have a gene that makes you more susceptible to cancer - knowing can increase the chance of prevention or early diagnosis. Lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise can have a significant role in the prevention of cancer.

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Tikona Fort

Testicualar Cancer

Testicular cancer is a disease when testicular cells become abnormal or malignant in one or both testicles.The exact cause of testicular cancer is not known but risk factors include undescended testicle(s), congenital abnormalities.
Testicular cancer is often first detected by the patient discovering a lump or swelling in a testicle; other symptoms include testicular pain or discomfort; testicular enlargement; aches in the abdomen, back, or groin; or a fluid collection in the scrotum.
Testicular cancer is diagnosed by the patient's history and physical,ultrasound, and blood tests that measure testicular tumor markers. Biopsy of testicular tissue may be done.

Testicular cancer can be cured by surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy; side effects include infertility and may affect sexual function. Other side effects are due to radiation and chemotherapy.

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Kidney Cancer

The kidneys are two organs in the body that filter the blood and remove waste material and excess water by making urine that is expelled as waste. And cancer is the growth of abnormal cells within the body.
Although the exact cause of kidney cancer is not known, risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, long-term dialysis, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, occupational exposure and men are at higher risk.
Symptoms of kidney cancer include blood in the urine, pain in the side or flank that is constant, a lump or mass in the abdomen or side, fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
Treatment of kidney cancer includes one of or a combination of the following methods: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, embolization, biological therapy, and surgery.

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Anal Cancer

Anal cancer occurs in the anus, the end of the gastrointestinal tract. Anal cancer is very different from colorectal cancer, which is much more common. Anal cancer's causes, risk factors, clinical progression, staging and treatment are all very different from colorectal cancer. Anal cancer is a lump which is created by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the anus. Anal cancer is very rare.

Symptoms of anal cancer:

    Rectal bleeding - the patient may notice blood on feces or toilet paper.
    Pain in the anal area.
    Lumps around the anus. These are frequently mistaken for piles (hemorrhoids).
    Mucus discharge from the anus.
    Jelly-like discharge from the anus.
    Anal itching.
    Change in bowel movements. This may include diarrhea, constipation, or thinning of stools.
    Fecal incontinence (problems controlling bowel movements).
    Bloating.
    Women may experience lower back pain as the tumor exerts pressure on the vagina.
    Women may experience vaginal dryness.

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Liver Cancer

The liver continuously filters blood that circulates through the body, converting nutrients and drugs absorbed from the digestive tract into ready-to-use chemicals. The liver performs many other important functions, such as removing toxins and other chemical waste products from the blood and readying them for excretion. Because all the blood in the body must pass through it, the liver is unusually accessible to cancer cells traveling in the bloodstream.

The liver can be affected by primary liver cancer, which arises in the liver, or by cancer which forms in other parts of the body and then spreads to the liver. Most liver cancer is secondary or metastatic, meaning it started elsewhere in the body.

Because the liver is made up of several different types of cells, several types of tumors can form there. Some of these are benign (noncancerous), and some are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). These tumors have different causes and are treated differently.

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Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor arising from the lining of the stomach. There has been a significant decrease in the number of people diagnosed with stomach cancer in the past 60 years. Stomach cancers are classified according to the type of tissue where they originate. The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma, which starts in the glandular tissue of the stomach and accounts for 90% to 95% of all stomach cancers. Other forms of stomach cancer include lymphomas, which involve the lymphatic system and sarcomas, which involve the connective tissue

The exact cause of stomach cancer is unknown, but a number of factors can increase the risk of the disease, including:

• Gender -- men have more than double the risk of getting stomach cancer than women.
• Race -- being African-American or Asian may increase your risk.
• Genetics -- genetic abnormalities and some inherited cancer syndromes may increase your risk
• Geography -- stomach cancer is more common in Japan, the former Soviet Union, and parts of Central America and South America.
• Blood type -- individuals with blood group A may be at increased risk.
• Advanced age -- stomach cancer occurs more often around ages 70 and 74 in men and women, respectively.
• Family history of gastric cancer can double or triple the risk of stomach cancer.
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating a diet low in fruits and vegetables or high in salted, smoked, or nitrate-preserved foods may increase your risk
• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection of the stomach. H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach and causes chronic inflammation and ulcers.
• Certain health conditions including chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, gastric polyps, intestinal metaplasia, and prior stomach surgery.
• Work-related exposure due to coal mining, nickel refining, and rubber and timber processing and asbestos exposure.

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